domingo, 16 de diciembre de 2012

El inglés en enfermería

Quién duda del idioma como instrumento para el desempeño del rol enfermero? 
Por esto dedico esta entrada al uso de la lengua inglesa como instrumento mediante el cual el enfermero desenvuelve sus tareas.
Debido a la diversidad de culturas en este mundo. Ya sea que esté trabajando en el extranjero o en casa, llegará un momento en el que tendrá que confiar en inglés para comunicarse. Mediante el estudio y la práctica de vocabulario relacionado a la salud, usted será capaz de hacer que sus pacientes se sientan más cómodos.

A continuación les dejo un link con:


La siguiente lista esta ordenada alfabeticamente en inglés y contiene:
  • el significado en inglés
  • un ejemplo en una oración 
  • la traducción a 


Vocabulario relacionado a la salud y terminos médicos en inglés


Word
part of speech
MeaningExample sentenceSignificado en español
abnormal
adj
not normal for the human bodyThe condition of your liver isabnormal for your age.
ache
noun/verb
pain that won’t go awayI can’t sleep because my shoulders ache. doler / dolor (verbo o sustantivo)
acute
adj
quick to become severe/badWe had to take the man to the hospital because his pains wereacute. agudo
allergy noun
allergic adj
a body’s abnormal reaction to certain foods or environmental substances (eg causes a rash)I am extremely allergic to chocolate peanuts. alérgico
ambulance
noun
emergency vehicle that rushes people to a hospitalWe called the ambulance as soon as he had the accident ambulancia
amnesia 
noun
a condition that causes people to lose their memoryI can’t remember the accident because I had amnesia. amnesia
amputation noun
amputate verb
permanent removal of a limbWe had to amputate his arm because the infection spread so quickly. amputación / amputar (sustantuvo /verbo)
anaemia noun
anaemic adj
occurs when the body doesn’t have enough red blood cellsI need to eat healthier food because I am anaemic. anemia / anémico (sustantivo / adjetivo)
antibiotics 
noun
medication that kills bacteria and cures infectionsMy infection went away after I started my treatment withantibiotics. antibióticos
anti-depressant
noun
medication that helps relieve anxiety and sadnessThe anti-depressants helped me through my depression. antidepresivos
appointment 
noun
a scheduled meeting with a medical professionalI have an appointment with a specialist this week. cita
arthritis
noun
a disease that causes the joints to become swollen and crippledMy grandmother can’t cook anymore because of the arthritisin her hands. artritis
asthma (attack)
noun
a condition that causes a blockage of the airway and makes it difficult for a person to breatheI always carry an inhaler because I have asthma. asma
bacteria
noun
a disease-causing organismTo prevent the spread of bacteriayou should always wash your hands after using the bathroom. bacteria
bedsore 
noun
wounds that develop on a patient’s body from lying in one place for too longIf you don’t get up and take a walk, you might develop painfulbedsores. escaras
benign
adj
not harmful (not cancerous)We’re hoping that the tests will show that the lump in your breast is benign. benigno
biopsy 
noun
removal of human tissue in order to conduct certain medical testsThe biopsy I had ruled out cancer. biopsia
blood count
noun
the amount of red and white blood cells a person hasYou can have the surgery because blood count is almost back to normal. hemograma
blood donor
noun
a person who gives blood to a blood bank or other personCan you tell some friends we need some blood donors donante de sangre
blood pressure
noun
the rate at which blood flows through the body (high/low)High blood pressure puts you at risk of having a heart attack. presión arterial
brace
noun
a device that holds injured body parts in placeYou will probably always have to wear a brace on your ankle when you jog. abrazadera
breech
adj
position of an unborn baby in which the feet are down and the head is upWe had some problems with the labor because of the breechbirth. posición de nalgas del bebe al nacer
broken
adj
a bone that is divided in two or more pieces as a result of an injuryWe had to take my son to the hospital because his leg wasbroken. roto
bruise noun
bruised adj
injured body tissue that is visible underneath the skinAfter playing futbol I noticed that my knee was bruised. moreton – contusión
Caesarean section, C-section
noun
procedure that involves removing a baby from its mother through an incision in the woman’s lower abdomenThe baby was in a breech position so they had to perform aCaesarean section. cesarea
cancer
noun
disease caused by the uncontrollable growth of cellsThere are many different options when it comes to treating cancer. cancer
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
noun
restoring a person’s breath and circulationYou saved his life after the accident by performing CPR. reanimación cardiopulmonar
cast
noun
a hard bandage that is wrapped around a broken bone to keep it in placeMy arm was in a cast for a long time. yeso
chapel, chapeline
noun
a place where loved ones can go to pray for a patient’s recovery;
a priest who visits patients in the hospital
If you want a place to pray, thechapel is on the third floor. capilla
chemotherapy
noun
type of treatment used on cancer patientsProbably the best treatment for cancer nowadays ischemotherapy. quimioterapia
chickenpox
noun
a virus commonly contracted by children, characterized by itchy spots all over the bodyMy son is in bed because he haschickenpox. varicela
coroner
noun
a person who determines the cause of death after a person diesWe only call the coroner if we think a death is suspicious. funcionario encargado de investigar las causas de muertes violentas, repentinas o sospechosas, ≈ juez de instrucción
critical condition
noun
requiring immediate and constant medical attentionShe’s in critical condition after her long surgery. condición crítica
crutches
noun
objects that people with injured legs or feet use to help them walkI have to use crutches for three more months. muletas
cyst
noun
a sac in the body-tissue filled with fluid (sometimes diseased)We’re going to remove the cystsbecause in the future it may bring some problems. quiste
deaf
adj
unable to hearYou have to be patient with him. he is both deaf and blind. sordo
deficiency
noun
a lack of something necessary for one’s healthThe tests show that you have an iron deficiency. deficiencia
dehydrated
adj
in need of waterAfter playing football for 2 hours I became dehydrated. deshidratado;
dementia 
noun
loss of mental capacityWhen she lost her husband she started suffering with dementia. demencia
diabetes
noun
type of disease typically involvinginsulin deficiencyPeople with diabetes have to constantly check their blood sugar levels. diabetes
diagnosis
noun
medical explanation of an illness or conditionI was happy to know thatdiagnosis was positive. diagnóstico
discomfort
noun
experiencing painThis pain medication should relieve some of your discomfort. molestia
disease
noun
a medical disorder that is harmful to a person’s healthI am very healthy. I hardly ever have a disease. enfermedad
dislocated
adj
when a bone is temporarily separated from its jointYou will have to wear a sling because of your dislocatedshoulder. dislocado
emergency
noun
a medical problem that needs immediate attentionIn case of an emergency, always have your first aid kit equipped. emergencia
ER (emergency room)
noun
the hospital room used for treating patients with immediate and life-threatening injuriesThe child was rushed into the ERafter he had a traumatic accident. Sala de emergencia
external
adj
on the outsideThis cream is for external use only. Do not get it near your ears, eyes, or mouth. externo
false negative
noun
adj
a test that incorrectly comes back negativeWe had two false negativepregnancy tests, so we didn’t know we were having a baby. examen erroneo
family history
noun
medical background of a person’s family membersTo check if I had cancer they first asked for my family history. historia familiar
fatal
adj
causing deathThe doctor made a fatal error when he wrote the wrong prescription. fatal
fever noun
feverish adj
higher than normal body temperatureHe is very feverish so I think we should take him to the ER. fiebre / afiebrado
flu (influenza)
noun
many types of respiratory or intestinal infections passed on through a virusPeople who have the flu should not visit hospital patients. gripe
fracture noun
fractured adj
broken or cracked boneHe was in extreme pain because he had fractured his wrist. fracturado
germ
noun
a micro-organism, especially one that causes diseasePublic places contain huge amounts of germs. gérmenes
genetic
adj
a medical condition or physical feature that is passed on in the familyThe disease is part genetic and part environmental. genético
growth
noun
a ball of tissue that grows bigger than normal, either on or under the skinThat growth on your knee is worrying me. hinchazón
heart attack
noun
instance in which blood stops pumping through the heartPeople who smoke are at greater risk of having a heart attack. ataque cardiaco
HIV
noun
the virus that infects the human T-cells and leads to AIDSHIV can be passed down through the blood. VIH (SIDA)
hives
noun
bumps that appear on the surface of the skin during an allergic reactionI broke out in hives after I ate that potato casserole. urticaria
illness noun
ill adj
general term for any condition that makes a person feel sick for a certain period of timeHer illness went away after she started taking the antibiotics. enfermedad
immune system
noun
the parts of the body that fight diseases, infections, and virusesYou can’t have a surgery until your immune system is normal. sistema inmunológico
immunization noun
immunize verb
an injection that protects against a specific diseaseBabies are immunized three times in their first year. inmunizar
incision
noun
cut in the body made during surgeryI had to have stitches to close theincision. incisión
inconclusive
adj
unclearWe have to do more blood tests because the first ones wereinconclusive. inconcluyente
infant
noun
young babyOne has to be careful when they carry an infant. infante
infection noun
infected adj
diseased area of the body (viral or bacterial)I became infected because I was at the hospital with some patients. infección / infectado
inflamed
adj
appearance (red and swollen) of an injured body partMy right ankle was so inflamed it was twice the size of my left one. inflamado
injury
noun
damage to the bodyHer injuries were treated carefully. herida
intensive care unit (ICU)
noun
section of the hospital where patients get constant attention and doctors rely on specialized equipmentShe will remain in the ICU until she feels better Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos – ICU
internal
adj
under the skin, inside the organsThe doctors will be monitoring her for any internal bleeding. interno
itchy
adj
feeling discomfort on the skin’s surfaceIf you are allergic to this medication your skin will get red and itchy. adjetivo que indica que algo   pica
IV
noun
a tube that pumps liquids and medication into a patient’s bodyThe doctor decided to get him on an IV because he was dehydrated. tratamiento intravenoso
lab results
noun
tests that come back from a laboratory and help doctors make a diagnosisThe lab results will be ready next week. resultados del laboratorio
lab (laboratory)
noun
place where samples of blood/urine etc. are taken for testingI’ll take these samples down to the lab before I go home. laboratorio
life support
noun
a machine that keeps patients alive by helping them breatheThe man has severe brain damage and is currently on life support. soporte vital – prosedimiento en donde se le mantiene vivo a un paciente
life-threatening
adj
when injuries and conditions are extremely seriousThe victim was shot in two places but the bullet wounds are not life-threatening. con peligro para la vida
light-headed
adj
feeling of dizziness and being off-balance, caused by lack of oxygen in the brainIf you are feeling light-headedyou should lie down and rest. mareado
malignant
adj
expected to grow and get much worse (especially related to cancerous cells)She was devastated when they told her the tumor wasmalignant. maligno
medical school (med. school)
noun
place where someone trains to be a doctorAfter eight years of medical school he graduated and now is a surgeon. facultad de medicina
newborn
noun
an infant that is less than three months oldThe newborn was having problems after the long labor. recien nacido
numb
adj
no feeling in a certain body partThe medicine will make your face feel numb. entumecido
OR (operating room)
noun
the place where major surgeries and operations take placeYou must clean yourself and wear gloves while you are in theOR. sala de operación
operation noun
operate on verb
a medical procedure that involves going inside a person’s body in an attempt to fix a problemThe operation lasted all afternoon but was successful. operación
pain
noun
strong discomfort in certain areas of the bodyWe gave my daughter some medicine to relieve some of thepain. dolor
pain killer, pain reliever
noun
type of medicine that takes away some or all of the discomfort of an illness or injuryYou must take pain killers every four hours. analgésico
paralyzed
adj
unable to move certain areas of the bodyWe thought her legs wereparalyzed but fortunately it was a temporary problem. paralizado
patient
noun
a person staying in a hospital or medical facilityThe patients in Room 5 are not contagious. pacientes
pharmacist
noun
a person who fills a doctor’s prescription and gives people advice about medicationAsk the pharmacist how often you can take the medicine. farmacéutico
pharmacy, drugstore
noun
a place where people go to buy medication and other medical suppliesYou can buy those pills at thepharmacy on the corner. farmacia
physician
noun
doctorI don’t feel well. I have to see see my physician.médico
poison noun
poisonous adj
a substance that is very dangerous if it enters the human bodyThe child was bitten by apoisonous snake and he had to be taken to the ER. venenoso
prenatal
adj
of the time period leading up to giving birthMy wife is going to have her first child and wants to take theprenatal classes. prenatal
prescription noun
prescribe verb
the correct amount and type of medication needed to cure an illness or relieve symptomsYou will need to visit your doctor to get another prescription. receta médica
privacy noun
private adj
being alone; personal (eg test results)You will have to pay for a privatehospital room if you don’t want a room-mate. privado o particular
radiation
noun
high energy X-rays that destroy cancer cellsRadiation is very dangerous and may cause cancer. radiación
residency
resident 

noun
part of a doctor’s training that takes place in the hospital;
a student working under a doctor
Brian is a resident under Dr White. médico interno
routine check-up
noun
a doctor’s appointment to check a person’s general healthEvery year I go to see my physician for a  routine check-up. chequeo (de rutina)
scrubs 
noun
plain uniform (usually green, white, or blue) worn by medical professionalsI have some extra scrubs in my locker so that we can start the surgery. uniforme usado por enfermero(a)s, doctores apunto de operar
scrub up
verb
carefully wash hands before and after seeing a patientI have to scrub up and get ready for surgery. performing surgery)limpiar y desinfectar la zona quirúrgica
second opinion
noun
input from a second doctor about an illness or symptomI went to another physician to get a second opinion concerning my illness. segunda opinion (consultar a otro doctor)
seizure
noun
sudden violent movements or unconsciousness caused by electrical signal malfunction in the brainPeople who suffer from epilepsy are prone to seizures. convulsión
shock
noun
body not getting enough blood flowThe woman was in shock after being rescued from the ocean. shock
side effects
noun
other symptoms that might occur as a result of a certain medication or procedureOne of the side effects of the medicine you are taking is hair loss. efectos secundarios
sore
adj
painfulI have a sore throat and I feel awful.  dolorido, adolorido, irritado
spasm
noun
the uncontrollable tightening of a muscleI’ve been having muscle spasmssince my accident last year. espasmo
specialist
noun
a doctor that is an expert in a certain kind of medicineMy physician is sending me to aspecialist. especialista
sprain
noun/verb
an injury (less serious than a break) to a joint (ankle, wrist, knee etc)sprained my knee playing tennis.hacerse un esguince en, distenderse
stable condition
noun
a patient is stable if their medical condition is no longer changing rapidlyYou can see your son now; he is in a stable condition. condición estable
sting
noun/verb
sharp, temporary painIt may sting a little when I insert the needle. escozor, ardor
stress noun
stressed adj
worry that causes muscles to tighten and blood pressure to riseYou need to take some time off work and relieve some of yourstress. estres
swelling noun
swollen adj
ligaments (parts that hold the joints together) growing bigger and rounder after an injury to a jointI knew my ankle was sprained because it was so swollen. inflamado
symptoms
noun
pain or physical changes that occur because of an illness or diseaseYou have all of the symptoms of a diabetic. síntomas
temperature
noun
amount of heat measured in a body; higher than normal temperatureWe brought Juan to emergency because he was running a (high)temperature. fiebre
tender
adj
painful when touched or usedThe incision was tender after the operation. sensible
test results
noun
medical information that helps doctors understand a patient’s condition or bodyThe test results came back negative. You aren’t pregnant. resultado de los exámenes
therapy
noun
treatment aimed at improving a person’s mental or physical conditionI was able to go back to work a few moths after starting thetherapy. terapia
transplant
noun
moving of an organ from one human to anotherThe liver transplant saved your life. transplante
ultrasound
noun
a test that examines the body’s internal organs and processes using sound waves (often used during pregnancies)The ultrasound shows that we are expecting a baby boy. ultrasonido
umbilical cord
noun
the lifeline from the mother to the fetus (when cut at birth this forms the belly button)I had an emergency C-section because the umbilical cord was wrapped around the baby’s neck. cordón umbilical
unconscious
adj
alive, but appearing to be asleep and unaware of the surroundingsI hit my head on the steering wheel and was still unconsciouswhen the ambulance arrived. inconsiente
urine sample
noun
a small amount of the body’s liquid waste that is tested for different medical reasonsThe urine sample tells us how much alcohol is in your blood. prueba de orina
vein
noun
the thin tubes that transport blood around the body and back to the heartI’m just looking for the best veinin which to insert the needle. vena
virus
noun
a dangerous organism that causes the spread of minor and major diseasesThe virus is contractable through the exchange of bodily fluids. virus
visiting hours
noun
time of day when friends and family are allowed to visit patients in hospitalI’m afraid you’ll have to come back during visiting hours. horas de visitas
vomit
noun/verb
discharge of a person stomach contents through the mouthWhen my wife was pregnant she could not stop vomiting. vomitar
ward
noun
a section of a hospital or health facility where patients stay We’re entering the mental healthward so be careful. sala de pacientes
wheelchair
noun
a chair on wheels used for transporting patients from place to placeThe old man was taken to thewheelchair so that he could go outside. silla de ruedas
wound noun
wounded adj
injury to body (“flesh wound” means not deep)The wounded soldiers were taken directly to the hospital. herido
x-ray
noun/verb
a photograph of a person’s bones and organsThe technician took x-rays of my shoulder to make sure it wasn’t broken. rayos X

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